Spain and Portugal are two beautiful and fascinating countries with a rich history, culture, and traditions that are well worth exploring. Spain and Portugal are neighbouring countries located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. They share a long and complex history, with both countries having been ruled by various empires and kingdoms throughout the centuries.
Spain is the larger of the two countries, with a population of over 47 million people. Its capital city is Madrid, and its official language is Spanish. Spain is a constitutional monarchy, with a parliamentary government and a king as the head of state. Spain is known for its rich culture, history, and traditions, as well as its diverse landscapes, from the snow-capped peaks of the Pyrenees to the beaches of the Mediterranean coast.
Portugal, on the other hand, has a population of over 10 million people and is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. Its capital city is Lisbon, and its official language is Portuguese. Portugal is a democratic republic, with a president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. Portugal is known for its beautiful beaches, rich history, and excellent cuisine, as well as for being a popular tourist destination.
Spain and Portugal share a similar Mediterranean climate, with hot summers and mild winters. They are both members of the European Union, the United Nations, and NATO. The two countries also share a common history and culture, with influences from the Moors, Romans, and other civilizations that have left their mark on the region. Both countries are also known for their rich culinary traditions, with dishes like paella, gazpacho, bacalhau, and pastel de nata being some of the most popular. They are also famous for their wine and other alcoholic beverages, such as sangria and port wine. Spain and Portugal have a rich artistic and cultural heritage, with famous artists like Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and Francisco Goya hailing from Spain, while Portugal is known for its fado music and its traditional azulejo tiles.
Must Visit Places in Spain
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain, located in the centre of the country. It is known for its rich history, culture, art, architecture, and nightlife.
One of the main attractions in Madrid is the Royal Palace, which is the official residence of the Spanish royal family. The palace is a stunning example of 18th-century architecture and is surrounded by beautiful gardens. Visitors can tour the palace’s ornate rooms and admire its impressive art collection.
Another must-visit site in Madrid is the Prado Museum, which is home to one of the world’s most impressive collections of European art, including works by Goya, Velázquez, and El Greco. The museum also hosts temporary exhibitions throughout the year.
Madrid is also known for its lively plazas, such as the Plaza Mayor and the Puerta del Sol, which are perfect for people-watching and enjoying a coffee or a glass of wine at one of the many outdoor cafes.
The city has several beautiful parks, including the Retiro Park, which is a popular spot for locals and visitors alike to relax and enjoy the greenery. The park is home to several gardens, a lake, and the Crystal Palace, a stunning glass structure that hosts art exhibitions.
For foodies, Madrid is a paradise of traditional Spanish cuisine, from tapas bars to upscale restaurants. The Mercado de San Miguel is a must-visit food market, where visitors can sample a wide variety of Spanish specialties, including jamón ibérico, cheeses, and wines.
Madrid is a vibrant and exciting city with a rich cultural heritage and a wide range of attractions for visitors. It is easily accessible by plane, train, or bus from other major cities in Spain and is a must-visit destination for anyone travelling to the country.
Barcelona
Barcelona is a vibrant and cosmopolitan city located in the northeast region of Spain. It is the capital city of the Catalonia region and is known for its beautiful architecture, art, history, and delicious cuisine.
One of the most famous landmarks of Barcelona is the Sagrada Familia, a stunning basilica designed by Antoni Gaudi, which has been under construction for over 100 years. Other notable buildings designed by Gaudi include the colourful and unique Casa Batlló and Casa Milà.
Barcelona is also famous for its beaches, including the popular Barceloneta Beach. The city is full of parks and gardens, including Park Güell, a park designed by Gaudi with colourful mosaics and stunning views of the city.
The Gothic Quarter is the old town of Barcelona, full of narrow streets, Gothic architecture, and historic landmarks such as the Barcelona Cathedral and the Palau de la Generalitat.
Barcelona is also a culinary destination, with delicious traditional dishes such as paella, tapas, and seafood. The city is home to the famous food market of La Boqueria, where you can find fresh produce, meats, and seafood.
Valencia
Valencia is a beautiful city located on the east coast of Spain, known for its stunning architecture, delicious cuisine, and vibrant culture. It is the third-largest city in Spain and the capital of the Valencian Community.
One of the most iconic landmarks of Valencia is the City of Arts and Sciences, a futuristic complex of buildings designed by architect Santiago Calatrava. The complex includes an opera house, a science museum, an aquarium, and more, and is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in modern architecture.
Valencia is also famous for its stunning beaches, including Playa de la Malvarrosa and Playa de las Arenas. The city is located on the Mediterranean Sea, making it a perfect destination for sunbathing, swimming, and water sports.
Another must-visit attraction in Valencia is the Central Market, one of the largest and oldest markets in Europe. Here you can find a wide variety of fresh produce, meats, seafood, and more, and the market is a popular destination for foodies and tourists alike.
Valencia is also famous for its delicious cuisine, including the traditional dish of paella, which originated in the region. The city is full of restaurants and cafes serving up delicious local specialties, and foodies will love exploring the culinary scene.
Granada
Granada is a historic city located in the Andalusia region of southern Spain, known for its stunning architecture, rich history, and vibrant culture. It is most famous for its iconic landmark, the Alhambra, a palace and fortress complex dating back to the 14th century.
The Alhambra is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Spain, and for good reason. The complex features stunning Islamic architecture, intricate tilework, and beautiful gardens. Visitors can explore the palace rooms, courtyards, and towers, and learn about the history of the Nasrid dynasty who built it.
Another must-visit attraction in Granada is the historic district of Albaicín, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its narrow streets, white-washed buildings, and stunning views of the Alhambra. This area is a great place to explore on foot, and visitors can find a variety of shops, restaurants, and cafes to enjoy.
Granada is also famous for its delicious cuisine, including the traditional dish of tapas. The city is full of tapas bars, where visitors can try a variety of small plates and sample local specialties.
Cathedral of Granada is also another place to visit where a stunning Renaissance cathedral is built on the site of a former mosque, and the Generalife, a palace and garden complex adjacent to the Alhambra.
Granada is a must-visit destination in Spain for anyone interested in history, architecture, and culture. The city is full of stunning landmarks, delicious cuisine, and a vibrant atmosphere that make it a memorable destination.
Cordoba
Cordoba is a historic city located in the southern Andalusia region of Spain, known for its stunning architecture, rich history, and vibrant culture. The city has a unique blend of Roman, Islamic, and Christian influences, and is most famous for its iconic landmark, the Great Mosque of Cordoba.
The Great Mosque of Cordoba, also known as the Mezquita, is one of the most impressive and well-preserved examples of Islamic architecture in the world. The mosque was built in the 8th century and was expanded over the centuries, eventually becoming a cathedral in the 16th century. Visitors can explore the stunning courtyard, prayer hall, and minaret, and admire the intricate tilework and horseshoe arches that make it so unique.
Another must-visit attraction in Cordoba is the historic district of Judería, a labyrinth of narrow streets and white-washed buildings that was once the Jewish quarter of the city. Here visitors can explore the Synagogue of Cordoba, one of the only remaining synagogues in Andalusia, and admire the charming patios and courtyards.
Cordoba is also famous for its delicious cuisine, including the traditional dish of salmorejo, a cold tomato soup similar to gazpacho. The city is full of restaurants and tapas bars, where visitors can sample a variety of local specialties and enjoy the vibrant atmosphere.
Other notable landmarks in Cordoba include the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos, a fortress and palace built by the Christian kings in the 14th century, and the Roman Bridge, a stunning bridge that spans the Guadalquivir River.
Salamanca
Salamanca is a city in western Spain and is located in the region of Castile and León, about 200 kilometres west of Madrid.
Salamanca is known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and prestigious university, which is one of the oldest in Europe. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage site and attracts visitors from all over the world who come to admire its historic buildings, cultural heritage, and lively atmosphere.
One of the main attractions in Salamanca is the Plaza Mayor, a stunning Baroque square that dates back to the 18th century. The square is considered one of the most beautiful in Spain and is lined with shops, restaurants, and cafes.
The city also boasts a number of historic sites and landmarks, such as the Salamanca Cathedral, a stunning Gothic cathedral that dates back to the 12th century, and the University of Salamanca, which was founded in the 13th century and is considered one of the most prestigious universities in Spain.
For nature lovers, Salamanca offers several parks and gardens to explore, such as the Huerta de los Jesuitas, a beautiful garden with fountains, ponds, and greenery, and the Parque de la Alamedilla, a popular park with walking paths, playgrounds, and sports facilities.
Sevilla
Sevilla is a beautiful city located in the Andalusia region of southern Spain and is famous for its traditional flamenco dancing, delicious cuisine, and iconic landmarks.
One of the most impressive landmarks in Sevilla is the Cathedral of Seville, a massive Gothic cathedral that is one of the largest in the world. The cathedral is home to the tomb of Christopher Columbus, and visitors can climb to the top of the Giralda Tower for stunning views of the city.
Another must-visit attraction in Sevilla is the Real Alcázar, a palace and garden complex that was built by the Moorish kings in the 14th century. The palace features stunning Islamic architecture and intricate tilework, and visitors can explore the royal apartments, courtyards, and gardens.
Sevilla is also famous for its delicious cuisine, including the traditional dish of tapas. The city is full of tapas bars, where visitors can sample a variety of small plates and local specialties.
The Plaza de España is also a must visit with its stunning square built for the 1929 World’s Fair, and the Barrio Santa Cruz, a charming neighbourhood of narrow streets and white-washed buildings.
Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located on the southern coast of Spain, at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. It is a small peninsula that is famous for its stunning views, unique culture, and iconic landmark, the Rock of Gibraltar.
The Rock of Gibraltar is a massive limestone rock formation that rises 426 metres above sea level. Visitors can take a cable car to the top of the rock for stunning views of the surrounding area, including the Strait of Gibraltar and the coast of Africa. The rock is also home to the Gibraltar Nature Reserve, a protected area that is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including the Barbary macaque, the only wild monkey population in Europe.
Another must-visit attraction in Gibraltar is the Great Siege Tunnels, a network of tunnels that were excavated during the 18th century to defend the city from attack. Visitors can explore the tunnels and learn about the history of the city and its military defences.
Gibraltar is also famous for its duty-free shopping, with a variety of shops and boutiques selling luxury goods, electronics, and souvenirs. The city is a popular destination for day-trips from nearby cities like Sevilla and Malaga, and visitors can enjoy a variety of restaurants, cafes, and bars that reflect the unique blend of British and Spanish cultures.
Ávila
Ávila is located in the autonomous community of Castile and León, about 110 kilometres northwest of Madrid.
Ávila is known for its well-preserved mediaeval walls, which are considered one of the most impressive in Europe, and for its rich history, culture, and religious heritage. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage site and attracts visitors from all over the world who come to admire its historic buildings, cultural heritage, and scenic surroundings.
One of the main attractions in Ávila is the ancient walls, which were built in the 11th century to protect the city from invaders. The walls are more than two kilometres long, have 88 towers, and are considered one of the best-preserved mediaeval fortifications in the world.
The city also boasts a number of historic sites and landmarks, such as the Ávila Cathedral, a stunning Gothic cathedral that dates back to the 12th century, and the Basilica of San Vicente, a Romanesque church that is considered one of the most important in Spain.
For nature lovers, Ávila offers several parks and natural areas to explore, such as the Sierra de Gredos Natural Park, a beautiful mountain range with hiking trails, waterfalls, and scenic vistas, and the Valle Amblés Natural Park, a peaceful valley with rolling hills, forests, and rivers.
Segovia
One of the main attractions in Segovia is the Roman aqueduct, which is more than 800 metres long and has more than 160 arches. The aqueduct is considered one of the best-preserved Roman structures in the world and is a testament to the incredible engineering skills of the ancient Romans.
The city also boasts a number of other historic sites and landmarks, such as the Segovia Cathedral, a stunning Gothic cathedral that dates back to the 16th century, and the Alcázar of Segovia, a mediaeval fortress that was once a royal palace and is now a museum.
Must Visit Places in Portugal
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city of Portugal, located on the western coast of the country. It is a beautiful and historic city with a rich cultural heritage, stunning architecture, and a lively atmosphere.
One of the most famous landmarks in Lisbon is the Torre de Belem, a tower that was built in the 16th century to protect the city’s harbour. The tower is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is one of the most iconic landmarks in Portugal. Another famous landmark is the Jeronimos Monastery, another UNESCO World Heritage site that was built in the 16th century and features stunning Manueline architecture.
Lisbon is also famous for its beautiful neighbourhoods, such as Alfama, which is known for its narrow streets, traditional buildings, and lively atmosphere. The area is famous for its Fado music, a traditional Portuguese style of music that is typically performed in small cafes and restaurants.
The city also boasts a variety of museums, such as the National Museum of Ancient Art, which houses a collection of Portuguese art from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. The Calouste Gulbenkian Museum is another must-visit attraction, with a collection of art and artefacts from all over the world, including Egyptian artefacts and European paintings. Lisbon is also famous for its food, with a variety of restaurants and cafes offering traditional Portuguese dishes like bacalhau (salt cod), cozido (a stew made with meat and vegetables), and pasteis de nata (custard tarts).
Évora
Évora is a historic city in the Alentejo region of Portugal, located about 130 km east of Lisbon. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site, and one of the best-preserved mediaeval cities in Europe. The city is famous for its unique blend of Roman, Moorish, and mediaeval architecture, as well as its delicious food and wine.
One of the most famous landmarks in Évora is the Roman Temple of Évora, a 2,000-year-old temple that was built in the 1st century AD. The temple is one of the best-preserved Roman ruins in Portugal and is a must-visit attraction for history buffs.
Another must-visit attraction in Évora is the Cathedral of Évora, a massive Gothic cathedral that was built in the 12th century. The cathedral features stunning architecture and is home to a variety of religious artefacts and works of art.
Évora is also famous for its delicious food and wine, with a variety of restaurants and cafes offering traditional Portuguese dishes like cozido (a stew made with meat and vegetables), migas (a bread-based dish), and bacalhau (salt cod). The city is also home to a variety of wineries and vineyards, producing some of Portugal’s best wines.
Other must visit landmarks in Évora include the Bone Chapel (Capela dos Ossos), a chapel made entirely of human bones, and the Praça do Giraldo, a historic square that is home to a variety of shops, cafes, and restaurants.
Cascais
Cascais is a charming coastal town located about 30 km west of Lisbon, Portugal. It is known for its beautiful beaches, stunning coastline, and lively atmosphere. It is a popular destination for both locals and tourists, offering a wide range of activities and attractions.
One of the main attractions in Cascais is its beaches, with a variety of options to suit different preferences. Some of the most popular beaches include Praia do Guincho, known for its strong winds and ideal for surfing and windsurfing, and Praia da Conceição, a calmer beach with plenty of amenities.
The town itself is also charming, with a variety of shops, restaurants, and cafes to explore. The historic centre of Cascais features beautiful architecture and cobblestone streets, with a variety of museums and art galleries to visit, such as the Condes de Castro Guimarães Museum and the Paula Rego Museum.
For outdoor enthusiasts, there are plenty of opportunities for hiking, biking, and water sports in the area. The Cascais-Estoril coastline is stunning, with scenic coastal paths that offer breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean. The town is also home to a number of golf courses and tennis clubs.
Another must-visit attraction in Cascais is the Boca do Inferno (Hell’s Mouth), a natural cave formation that has been carved out of the rock by the sea. It is a popular spot for photographers and a great place to enjoy the sunset.
Cabo da Roca
Cabo da Roca is a stunning headland located on the westernmost point of mainland Europe, about 40 kilometres west of Lisbon, Portugal. The cape is a popular tourist destination and is part of the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park, known for its rugged coastal scenery and sweeping ocean views.
One of the main attractions of Cabo da Roca is its lighthouse, which was built in the 18th century and offers stunning views of the surrounding coastline. Visitors can climb to the top of the lighthouse and take in panoramic views of the Atlantic Ocean and the cliffs below.
Another popular activity in Cabo da Roca is hiking along the coastal trails, which offer breathtaking views of the ocean and the rugged coastline. The trails lead through the cliffs and the rocky terrain, passing by some of the most spectacular landscapes in Portugal.
Cabo da Roca is also home to a variety of wildlife, including a variety of bird species, such as seagulls, falcons, and eagles. The area is also a great spot for whale watching, with several species of whales and dolphins often seen in the waters off the coast.
Sintra
Sintra is a picturesque town located about 30 km west of Lisbon, Portugal. It is known for its stunning palaces, historic castles, and beautiful natural scenery. The town is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is a popular destination for tourists visiting Portugal.
One of the main attractions in Sintra is the Pena Palace, a colourful castle located on top of a hill overlooking the town. The palace was built in the 19th century and features a blend of architectural styles, including Gothic, Moorish, and Renaissance. The palace and its surrounding park are open to visitors and offer stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
Another popular attraction in Sintra is the Moorish Castle, a mediaeval castle located on a hilltop overlooking the town. The castle dates back to the 8th century and was rebuilt in the 19th century. Visitors can explore the castle walls and towers, and take in panoramic views of the town and surrounding landscape.
Sintra is also home to a number of other historic sites and palaces, including the Quinta da Regaleira, a Gothic Revival mansion with extensive gardens and underground tunnels, and the Monserrate Palace, a Romantic-style palace set amid lush gardens.
Coimbra
Coimbra is located in central Portugal, about halfway between Lisbon and Porto. It is known for its rich history and cultural heritage, as well as its beautiful architecture, lively student population, and scenic location on the banks of the Mondego River.
One of the main attractions in Coimbra is the University of Coimbra, one of the oldest universities in Europe and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The university dates back to the 13th century and features stunning architecture, including the Baroque-style Joanina Library and the Chapel of Saint Michael.
Coimbra is also home to a number of historic sites and museums, such as the Coimbra Cathedral, the Santa Cruz Monastery, and the Machado de Castro National Museum, which houses a collection of Roman and mediaeval artefacts.
Coimbra offers plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities, such as hiking and cycling in the nearby Serra da Estrela mountains or along the Mondego River. The city is also home to several parks and gardens, including the Botanical Garden of the University of Coimbra, which features a variety of exotic plant species.
Coimbra is also known for its vibrant cultural scene, with a variety of music festivals, art galleries, and theatres throughout the year. The city is especially lively during the academic year, when thousands of students from the university fill the streets and cafes.
Porto
Porto is a charming city located in northern Portugal, famous for its historic centre, the Douro River, and its port wine production. The city is the second-largest in Portugal and is a UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its rich history, beautiful architecture, and vibrant culture.
One of the main attractions in Porto is the historic Ribeira district, a picturesque riverside neighbourhood with colourful buildings, narrow streets, and stunning views of the Douro River. Visitors can stroll along the promenade, dine at traditional restaurants, or take a river cruise along the Douro to see the city from a different perspective.
Porto is also known for its wine production, particularly its port wine, which is made in the Douro Valley and aged in the cellars along the river in Vila Nova de Gaia, across the river from Porto. Visitors can tour the wine cellars, learn about the production process, and sample the different varieties of port wine.
The city also boasts a number of historic sites and landmarks, such as the Porto Cathedral, a Romanesque-style cathedral that dates back to the 12th century, and the Palacio da Bolsa, a 19th-century neoclassical palace that is now used as a conference centre and cultural venue.
For nature lovers, Porto offers several parks and gardens to explore, such as the Crystal Palace Gardens, which offer stunning views of the city, and the Serralves Park, which features modern art exhibitions and a contemporary art museum.
Spain and Portugal offer a wide variety of attractions and experiences for visitors, making them popular destinations for travellers from around the world. Rich cultural heritage, beautiful beaches, delicious food and wine, stunning landscapes and festivals and celebrations are just some of the top reasons why these two countries should be on your next travel bucket list.